基于卷积完全匹配层的非规则网格时域有限元探地雷达数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

冯德山  王珣 《地球物理学报》2017,60(1):413-423

复频移完全匹配层(Complex Frequency-Shifted PML,CFS-PML)在长时间时域计算中对凋落波、倏失波具有好的吸收效果,并被广泛应用于时域有限差分模拟中.而本文采用卷积方法将CFS-PML应用于时域有限元求解GPR波动方程的数值模拟中.论文以TM波为例,推导了基于CPML(Convolutional PML)边界的时域有限元GPR波动方程求解公式,采用Newmark-β方法对时间导数进行离散,有效改善了时域有限元GPR数值计算程序的稳定性.并以狭长模型为例,开展了CPML边界中关键参数m、R和κ的选取实验,通过对比反射误差大小确定了综合最优参数组合.相同时刻UPML与CPML波场快照、3个检测点的反射误差比较,说明CPML较UPML具有更好的吸收效果.最后,采用非规则四边形网格对1个复杂GPR模型进行剖分,应用加载CPML边界条件的FETD程序对该模型进行了正演,得到了二维剖面法、宽角法正演GPR剖面图,说明非规则四边形对复杂模型的良好适应性,基于CPML边界条件的FETD可有效减少边界反射误差,能实现对任意复杂不规则模型的正演模拟.  相似文献   

层状半空间中周期分布凸起地形对平面SH波的散射   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

巴振宁  黄棣旸  梁建文  张艳菊 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):1039-1052

提出了一种新的以层状半空间中周期分布斜线荷载动力格林函数为基本解的间接边界元方法,研究了周期分布凸起地形对平面SH波的散射问题.方法将散射波场分解为凸起内部散射波场和凸起外部散射波场.凸起内部散射波场通过在凸起闭合边界上施加虚拟斜线荷载产生的动力响应来模拟,而凸起外部散射波场则通过在凸起与半空间交界面上施加虚拟周期分布斜线荷载产生的动力响应来模拟.周期分布斜线荷载动力格林函数的引入,使得本文方法仅需针对一个凸起进行边界单元的离散和求解,便可完成问题的求解,避免了通过截断无限边界求解而引入的误差,方法具有较高精度的同时显著降低了求解自由度.文中通过与已有结果的比较,验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀半空间和基岩上单一土层中周期分布凸起为例进行了数值计算分析.研究表明,凸起间距对凸起地形间的动力相互作用有着显著的影响,同时层状半空间中周期分布凸起地形对SH波的散射与均匀半空间情况也有着显著的差别.  相似文献   

2016年3月21日金塔县M_S 4.7地震强震动记录分析     

徐钦  田秀丰  潘章容  张卫东  袁洁 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(2):94-97

2016年3月21日11时29分甘肃省酒泉市金塔县发生M_S 4.7地震,甘肃省强震动台网中心收集到5组三分向加速度记录,常规处理后得到15条零基线校正后的三分向峰值加速度(PGA),选取土层台基类型的62XID台站加速度记录(PGA数值最大)进行分析,绘制校正后的加速度、速度和位移时程曲线及加速度反应谱,为中国西部工程震害调查提供参考资料。  相似文献   

THE APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED MODELING IN PALEOEARTHQUAKE TRENCH STUDY          下载免费PDF全文

GAO Wei  HE Hong-lin  ZOU Jun-jie  SHI Feng 《地震地质》2017,39(1):172-182

The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights.  相似文献   

Evaluation of nonlinear models for precipitation forecasting     

Abazar Solgi  Vahid Nourani  Mohammad Bagherian Marzouni 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(16):2695-2704

Prediction of factors affecting water resources systems is important for their design and operation. In hydrology, wavelet analysis (WA) is known as a new method for time series analysis. In this study, WA was combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) for prediction of precipitation at Varayeneh station, western Iran. The results obtained were compared with the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and ANN. Moreover, data on relative humidity and temperature were employed in addition to rainfall data to examine their influence on precipitation forecasting. Overall, this study concluded that the hybrid WANN model outperformed the other models in the estimation of maxima and minima, and is the best at forecasting precipitation. Furthermore, training and transfer functions are recommended for similar studies of precipitation forecasting.  相似文献   

Water temperature modelling: comparison between the generalized additive model,logistic, residuals regression and linear regression models     

Fatima Laanaya  André St-Hilaire  Erwan Gloaguen 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(7):1078-1093

Water temperature has a significant influence on aquatic organisms, including stenotherm fish such as salmonids. It is thus of prime importance to build reliable tools to forecast water temperature. This study evaluated a statistical scheme to model average water temperature based on daily average air temperature and average discharge at the Sainte-Marguerite River, Northern Canada. The aim was to test a non-parametric water temperature generalized additive model (GAM) and to compare its performance to three previously developed approaches: the logistic, residuals regression and linear regression models. Due to its flexibility, the GAM was able to capture some of the nonlinear response between water temperature and the two explanatory variables (air temperature and flow). The shape of these effects was determined by the trends shown in the collected data. The four models were evaluated annually using a cross-validation technique. Three comparison criteria were calculated: the root mean square error (RMSE), the bias error and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSC). The goodness of fit of the four models was also compared graphically. The GAM was the best among the four models (RMSE = 1.44°C, bias = ?0.04 and NSC = 0.94).  相似文献   

Nonlinear steady states to Langmuir circulation in shallow layers: an asymptotic study     

D. T. Hayes 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2017,111(1):65-90

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A network theory approach for a better understanding of overland flow connectivity          下载免费PDF全文

Rens J. H. Masselink  Tobias Heckmann  Arnaud J. A. M. Temme  Niels S. Anders  Harm P. A. Gooren  Saskia D. Keesstra 《水文研究》2017,31(1):207-220

Hydrological connectivity describes the physical coupling (linkages) of different elements within a landscape regarding (sub‐) surface flows. A firm understanding of hydrological connectivity is important for catchment management applications, for example, habitat and species protection, and for flood resistance and resilience improvement. Thinking about (geomorphological) systems as networks can lead to new insights, which has also been recognized within the scientific community, seeing the recent increase in the use of network (graph) theory within the geosciences. Network theory supports the analysis and understanding of complex systems by providing data structures for modelling objects and their linkages, and a versatile toolbox to quantitatively appraise network structure and properties. The objective of this study was to characterize and quantify overland flow connectivity dynamics on hillslopes in a humid sub‐Mediterranean environment by using a combination of high‐resolution digital‐terrain models, overland flow sensors and a network approach. Results showed that there are significant differences between overland flow connectivity on agricultural areas and semi‐natural shrubs areas. Significant positive correlations between connectivity and precipitation characteristics were found. Significant negative correlations between connectivity and soil moisture were found, most likely because of soil water repellency and/or soil surface crusting. The combination of structural networks and dynamic networks for determining potential connectivity and actual connectivity proved a powerful tool for analysing overland flow connectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatial coherency analysis of seismic ground motions from a rock site dense array implemented during the Kefalonia 2014 aftershock sequence          下载免费PDF全文

A. Svay  V. Perron  A. Imtiaz  I. Zentner  R. Cottereau  D. Clouteau  P.‐Y. Bard  F. Hollender  F. Lopez‐Caballero 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(12):1895-1917

The objective of studies presented in this paper is to analyse the spatial incoherency of seismic ground motions using signals from a velocimeter dense array located on a rock site, recording the aftershock sequence of the two M6 Kefalonia earthquakes that occurred in January/February 2014 (Kefalonia island, Greece). The analyses are carried out with both horizontal and vertical components of velocigrams for small separation distances of stations (<100 m). The coherencies of seismic ground motions identified from strong motion windows are compared with those identified from coda parts of signals. It is realized that there is no significant difference between the coherencies estimated from those two parts of signals. The influence of earthquake event number on the result of coherencies and the dispersions of coherencies estimated from different earthquake events are presented. Finally, coherencies estimated from the dense array are compared with several coherency models proposed and widely used in the literature. The possibility of modifying some parameters of those existing coherency models to fit with in situ coherencies are discussed and presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Nonlinear FE model updating and reconstruction of the response of an instrumented seismic isolated bridge to the 2010 Maule Chile earthquake          下载免费PDF全文

Yong Li  Rodrigo Astroza  Joel P. Conte  Pedro Soto 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(15):2699-2716

Nonlinear finite element (FE) modeling has been widely used to investigate the effects of seismic isolation on the response of bridges to earthquakes. However, most FE models of seismic isolated bridges (SIB) have used seismic isolator models calibrated from component test data, while the prediction accuracy of nonlinear FE models of SIB is rarely addressed by using data recorded from instrumented bridges. In this paper, the accuracy of a state‐of‐the‐art FE model is studied through nonlinear FE model updating (FEMU) of an existing instrumented SIB, the Marga‐Marga Bridge located in Viña del Mar, Chile. The seismic isolator models are updated in 2 phases: component‐wise and system‐wise FEMU. The isolator model parameters obtained from 23 isolator component tests show large scatter, and poor goodness of fit of the FE‐predicted bridge response to the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake is obtained when most of those parameter sets are used for the isolator elements of the bridge model. In contrast, good agreement is obtained between the FE‐predicted and measured bridge response when the isolator model parameters are calibrated using the bridge response data recorded during the mega‐earthquake. Nonlinear FEMU is conducted by solving single‐ and multiobjective optimization problems using high‐throughput cloud computing. The updated FE model is then used to reconstruct response quantities not recorded during the earthquake, gaining more insight into the effects of seismic isolation on the response of the bridge during the strong earthquake.  相似文献